• Basic forms
• 断つ — to cut off; to sever / base form
• 断ちます — cut off / masu form
• 断った — cut off / ta form
• 断って — cut off and … / te form
• 断たない — do not cut off / negative
• 断てば — if (one) cuts off / conditional
• Common uses
• 関係を断つ — cut off a relationship
• 悪習を断つ — break a bad habit
• 望みを断つ — give up hope

断つ（たつ） is a godan verb. It means to **cut off completely**, often used for habits, ties, supplies, or abstract connections.

• Basic forms
• 断る — to refuse; to decline / base form
• 断ります — refuse; decline / masu form
• 断った — refused; declined / ta form
• 断って — refuse and … / te form
• 断らない — do not refuse / negative
• 断れば — if (one) refuses / conditional
• Common uses
• 申し出を断る — refuse an offer
• 参加を断った — declined participation
• はっきり断る — refuse clearly

断る（ことわる） is a godan verb. It means **to refuse or decline**, especially requests, offers, or invitations, often with clarity or firmness.