• 沿岸えんがん — coast / shoreline
• 沿線えんせん — along a railway line
• 沿道えんどう — roadside / along the route
• 沿革えんかく — history / development
• 沿海えんかい — coastal waters
• 沿そう — to follow / go along

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沿 combines the water radical 氵 with the phonetic 延 (エン), giving the sense “to extend along water.” By extension, it refers to following lines or edges — riversides, coastlines, or even abstract guidelines.