• 雷かみなり — thunder / lightning
• 雷雨らいう — thunderstorm
• 雷鳴らいめい — thunderclap / peal of thunder
• 落雷らくらい — lightning strike / being hit by lightning
• 雷管らいかん — blasting cap / detonator

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雷 has the rain radical ⻗ on top, telling us it’s weather in the sky, and the bottom part suggests sound. The core image is a loud, violent storm: lightning, thunder, shock. In modern Japanese, かみなり can also mean “a scolding,” like getting thunder from a parent or boss.