- 堅い — hard / solid / strict
- 堅実 — steady / reliable
- 堅固 — firm / solid >
- 堅持 — firm adherence
- 堅調 — steady (e.g., market)
- 堅牢 — robust / sturdy
- 手堅い — dependable / sure
- 堅苦しい — stiff / overly formal
堅 pairs the earth radical 土 with the phonetic part (臤) to picture packed, compressed earth—the source of “hard,” “firm,” and by extension “steadfast” character.