• 卓越たくえつ — excellence; outstanding ability
• 食卓しょくたく — dining table
• 円卓えんたく — round table (often for meetings)
• 卓球たっきゅう — table tennis; ping-pong
• 卓上たくじょう — on the tabletop; desktop
• 電卓でんたく — calculator (literally “electric 卓”)
• 卓つくえ — desk; table (literary/older usage)

卓 originally suggests a raised stand or table with something set high on it. From that image of “standing above the rest,” the meanings “outstanding” and “eminent” naturally developed — something, or someone, clearly a level above the surroundings.