• 又また — again; also; moreover
• 又または — or; alternatively
• 又またもや — once again; yet again
• 又々またまた — again and again (colloquial writing)
• 又聞またぎき — second-hand information

又 is a simple pictograph of a right hand reaching out. From the image “reaching again,” it took on the adverbial sense “again / also.” As a component it often hints at a hand action or pairing.